If they are used on cells after they are fixed, these dyes will mainly stain the cytoplasm.įor more help choosing a dye (plus information on using these dyes in bacterial or yeast), see our Tech Tip: Cell Surface Stains for Live & Fixed Cells, or download our Membrane & Surface Stains Selection Guide.Ģ. CellBrite™ Fix, and MemBrite™ Fix can tolerate common fixation/permeabilization methods, but they must be used to stain live cells before fixation. However, they can’t be used on samples fixed with methanol or other solvents, or FFPE sections. Original CellBrite™ can be used to stain live or formaldehyde (PFA)-fixed and detergent permeabilized cells, see our Tech Tip: Combining Lipophilic Membrane Dyes with Immunofluorescence. Choose the right stain for live or fixed cells To get the best results with our stains, check out these five tips for success:ġ. Biotium offers several options for cell surface imaging for different applications. Membrane and cell surface stains are very useful for visualizing cell borders and morphology in multicolor staining of live or fixed cells. Tips for success with CellBrite™, CellBrite™ Fix, and MemBrite™ Fix membrane and cell surface stains Featuring easy-to-use workflows and tips for classic lipophilic dyes, original CellBrite™ dyes, CellBrite™ Fix dyes, and MemBrite™ Fix dyes. Inorganic phosphate ion-exchange membrane marine sensing molybdate assay molybdate delivery seawater analysis.Check out this tech tip on five steps for successful staining and imaging of cell membranes using Biotium’s cell surface stains. A range of seawater samples was tested and the results from this membrane delivery device showed no significant differences compared to the classical molybdate assay chosen as the reference method. A linear calibration in the range of 0.1-10 μM phosphate (3-300 ppb inorganic P) was achieved, which is sufficiently attractive for environmental work. Consequently, an in-line flow system containing the two membrane modules in series was used for delivering both hydrogen and molybdate ions into the sample to form the desired phosphomolybdate complex for subsequent spectrophotometric detection. Molybdate was similarly released through an anion-exchange membrane by chloride counter transport. Proton transport is driven, via cation-exchange, by the high sodium content of the seawater sample. A cation-exchange Donnan exclusion membrane placed in contact with a sample flow (450 μm thick) is shown to provide the strongly acidic conditions (pH ∼ 1) necessary for phosphate determination. It is here demonstrated for the first time that the key reagents needed to achieve phosphate detection by the molybdate method may be delivered by passive counter transport across ion-exchange membranes. The associated need for large sample and mobile phase reservoirs and mixing coils are, unfortunately, not ideally adapted for the development of operationally simple in situ sensing instruments. It requires one to modify the sample to strongly acidic conditions and to add various reagents, principally molybdate and reducing agent (e.g., ascorbic acid), to form a blue colored phosphate complex that is subsequently detected spectrophotometrically. Today, most accepted sensing approaches are based on the established colorimetric molybdenum blue assay. There is an urgent need for reliable seawater phosphate measuring tools to better assess eutrophication.
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